August 2009

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Like a lot of automakers in the past year, Think had to file for bankruptcy protection in its native Norway. But now the little company has emerged from the bankruptcy tar pit ready to build electric cars for the masses. Production is set to resume “as soon as possible,” according to the company’s CEO, and customers can expect to take deliveries in early 2010.

The Th!nk City (as the company prefers to spell its name) will be the first small electric vehicle to earn safety approval across Europe. Rumor has it that the car will reach American shores next year, too. Here’s what you can expect:

  • Range of over 100 miles
  • Top speed of about 60 mph
  • Dual airbags
  • Inertia OFF switch to cut power in case of an accident
  • Sodium or lithium batteries

Under the proposed cap-and-trade plan, manufacturers would have to pay for their greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide. For many companies, including auto makers, this is a money issue as much as (or maybe more than) an environmental one.

NSF International and Trucost Plc analyzed the greenhouse gas emissions of 230 businesses in a variety of sectors, including six in the automotive business: Ford, GM, Harley-Davidson, Goodyear, Johnson Controls, and Genuine Parts. Genuine Parts, an umbrella company that includes NAPA, had the lowest carbon emissions per million dollars of revenue. The other five companies all scored in the same neighborhood, as far as CO2 per million dollars goes.

The report puts CO2 emissions into financial perspective for the industry: if you don’t clean up your act sooner rather than later, it is going to cost you money. Not only that, but the report points out that a “dirty” company competing against a “clean” one will lose the public relations battle, too. Another hit to the ol’ pocketbook for spewing greenhouse gases into the air.

Overall, the average auto or parts manufacturer emits 1.3 million metric tons of green house gases each year. Over 90% of those emissions come from the supply chain, not from the manufacture of the product itself. Large companies are going to need to put the pressure on their suppliers to clean up, too. Otherwise, the company that builds the car is going to get dinged for the carbon score of the parts that go into it.

It’s all very complicated, and the report includes a lot of charts. But it boils down to one message for corporations: clean up your act, or you’ll end up paying six ways to Sunday.

Smart has a couple bits of news this week. First, as of November 2009, the electric Smart Fortwo will have a lithium-ion battery pack from Tesla Motors on board. It’ll sit between the axles, so as not to compromise the already precious space inside the Fortwo, with the motor in the back, where it’s always been. The new battery gives it a range of about 70 miles, and will fully charge at a 220-volt socket overnight.

The electric Fortwo is currently being leased to “select markets,” as they say, in Europe and the U.S. for real-world testing. It’ll go on sale to anyone who wants one in 2012.

If you want 41 mpg in a gasoline car, plus a dash of je ne sais quoi, check out the new Smart Fortwo Highstyle, in chocolate brown with 12-spoke alloy wheels. The interior gets an upgrade to leather and fabric, and the car is available with start-stop technology to increase the gas mileage even more around town.

Whenever I think of Daewoo, I think of the “Mad TV” skit with Bobby Lee as Tank, the wannbe tuner boy with the yellow Daewoo. GM, Daewoo’s parent company, is hoping I’ll take another look at the company and its cars by introducing a new electric car, called the Matiz Creative, on September 1.

The Daewoo Matiz Creative is small — actually, it’s in the mini car segment, making it Smart-car-like in stature. It’s a “global car,” which means it will be sold even in the U.S., as soon as it meets crash test standards, which Daewoo expects to pass with flying colors. As befits a cute little car, it’s available in three trim levels called Pop, Jazz, and Groove, with Groove obviously being the most swank.

Here’s the basics:

  • 1-liter 4-cylinder engine
  • 4-speed automatic transmission (manual will be available in the future)
  • Meets Korea’s Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle standard
  • Air bags and crumple zones integrated in the design
  • 40 mpg or so
  • Will likely start around $8,000

The federal CARS rebate program — better known as Cash for Clunkers — came to an early end today, for the second time. The program, which started July 1 despite having no set guidelines for dealers or buyers, quickly ran out of funds. When The Rule, as the government’s Cash for Clunkers clarification was called, was published in late July outlining requirements and restrictions, buyers eagerly hopped on the bandwagon and exhausted the original $1 billion set aside for the program.

Congress acted fast and added $2 billion more to the program before its summer recess, but the money wasn’t enough to sustain CARS through its intended end date in November. As of Sunday night, Cash for Clunkers was over, with no extensions in sight. Thanks to red tape and the sheer number of people who used the program to ditch their old car and buy a shiny new one, many dealerships put the brakes on CARS at the end of last week.

What’s next for the auto industry? Let’s hope its an infusion of cash for hybrids, electric cars, trains, public transportation, and — hell, why not? — bike riding safety courses for newbies. That’s my post-CARS dream world; what’s yours? Leave it in the comments.

Enginer, a company based in Troy, Michigan, has given itself a mission: to make 100 mpg technology affordable. To this end, Team Enginer, as they like to call themselves, has developed two systems. One is on the cutting edge of 21st century technology, while the other recaptures some of the energy of the early days of the automotive age.

First, Enginer has two plug-in conversion kits for hybrids like the Prius that start at $1,995 — thousands less than the competition. It can be installed by a conversion pro or a do-it-yourselfer, though the company is hoping to get manufacturers to install the kits at the factory, which would qualify the car for some fat tax credits. And, of course, radically improve gas mileage.

Second, Team Enginer has a steam combustion engine conversion kit for sale. The kit goes into your existing car, captures waste heat, uses it to warm water, then uses the steam to drive the engine. In case you weren’t aware, around 1900, one-third of the cars on the road were gasoline-powered, one-third were electric, and one third ran on steam. Seems that Team Enginer would like a piece of all those pies, though they wouldn’t mind if the gasoline slice were a bit smaller.

Tesla S

I wish I were a bookie, or knew how to put odds on events. Starting a betting pool on Tesla chairman Elon Musk’s plans for the company’s future would be fun. The company is seemingly doing pretty well, despite internal disputes, lawsuits, changes at the top, and who knows what all. Musk keeps on keeping on, though. Tesla’s got a deal with Daimler to help build electric smart cars, and Musk recently announced the addition of an SUV to Tesla’s future lineup and reiterated the company’s plans for an affordable sedan.

During an interview with PBS’s Charlie Rose last week, Musk said the sedan will sell for around $50,000, or half the current price of the Roadster, and be produced in much larger numbers. Like, 20,000 a year, compared to 1,000 for the Roadster this year. An electric SUV and a new, smaller, more affordable car will follow sometime in the future. But you can look for the Tesla S sedan in two years … or can you? Place your bets!

Image of the Tesla S courtesy of Tesla Motors.

Vegetarians and vegans and PETA activists and other sensitive animal-loving souls beware: this post is about plucked, post-industrial chicken feathers. And it’s a bit gross. But it becomes cheap, domestic, high-energy-density biodiesel in the end, so, um, yay!

Researchers at the University of Nevada have found that the feathers of chickens contain fat, and as anyone who’s followed a Volvo converted to run on french-fry grease knows, fat can be turned into fuel. One ton of feathers makes about 18 gallons of biodiesel, which should cost about a buck a gallon to put into your VW TDI.

The system would use the byproducts of the chicken meat industry, so no chickens would be grown specifically for fuel. The processing plant would pluck and process the chickens for meat, just like they do now, and the feathery waste (plus some of the blood and guts) would be turned into biofuel, plus some animal feed, soap base, and fertilizer. There’s a lot of usable stuff in those feathers, it seems.

Chem majors and sticklers can read the whole article in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry.

Photo by Fred Dawson.

Researchers at Keio University in Japan have built an eight-wheeled electric vehicle that can go 230 mph. It looks weird, kind of like the crazed cat-bus in “My Neighbor Totoro,” for all you anime fans, but it can do 0-60 mph in 4.1 seconds — as fast as a new Lotus Exige sports car. The Ellica, as the car is called, has an 80-hp electric motor in each wheel rather than one central motor.

What will Keio University do with all this electric power? Turn it into a public transportation project, of course. According to Popular Science, the school has signed a deal with Isuzu Motors and the local government to build a bus using the Ellica’s technology to shuttle passengers up to almost 100 miles per charge. The bus will likely be produced in 2011.

Did you know U-Haul had a car-sharing program, similar to ZipCar, called U Car Share? Neither did I. Apparently, U-Haul is not cool with this, as they’ve recently added greener cars to the fleet and cut the registration price in half. The service is available in mostly eco-forward and college towns, like Berkley, California; Portland, Oregon; and Madison, Wisconsin. More are on the way, including Salt Lake City.

The registration fee has been dropped from $50 to $25, and members of another car sharing service can join U Car Share for free. Rates start at $4.95 an hour, and AutoWeek is reporting that the Toyota Prius, Ford Escape Hybrid, Mini Cooper, and other gas sippers have been added to the lineup in an effort to lure more green-geared users.

A couple of years ago, Volvo introduced the ReCharge hybrid electric concept; now, it’s taking the idea a step further by giving the little Volvo C30 hatchback an electric motor with a 130-mile range.

A plug-in electric Volvo C30 will debut at the Innovation for Life event just after the Frankfurt Motor Show in September, according to a report in Autocar. Unlike the ReCharge, the C30 won’t have four small electric motors at all four wheels. It will instead have a more conventional single-motor set up.

The New York Times Wheels blog said the car could maybe possibly be part of a small test fleet. Fingers crossed. I’ve driven the gasoline C30, and for a city car, it’s brilliant. Swap out the gas pump for an outlet, and I’ll be in line. I’ll start saving my pennies.

Image courtesy of Volvo Cars.

It’s been a while since we’ve heard any real news about the Chevy Volt, and now GM has captured our green imaginations by claiming that the extended-range electric car will get 230 mpg. Now the EPA, GM, and of course the blogosphere are saying that number may be too good to be true.

GM used the EPA’s new mileage model for electric cars to come up with that massive 230 mpg. There are two problems with this, though: The EPA hasn’t finalized the electric car methodology; and the Volt isn’t purely electronic. Though the first 40 miles are all electric, the Volt has a small engine that uses gasoline and acts as a generator for the electric motor. The engine never powers the car directly, but this is the kind of hiccup that has kept the EPA from giving its mileage equivalency methods the green light.

That doesn’t take into account the Volt’s carbon dioxide emissions, or if the driver is a pedal-smashing speed freak, or if the power comes from a wind farm or a coal plant, or any number of things. Before the EPA could say, “Hey, wait a minute … ” GM had whipped up a 230 logo with a smiling outlet and a green background.

The Economic Policy Institute, a think tank in Washington, D.C., has crunched the numbers and declared Cash for Clunkers an economic and ecological success.

The Department of Transportation has calculated that the average fuel economy of the clunkers traded in so far has been 15.8 mph, while the new cars purchased under the program have averaged 25.4 mpg. According to the EPI, this translates to an annual savings of:

  • $821 in fuel savings per consumer
  • 87 million fewer total gallons of gas pumped
  • 22.2 million fewer barrels of foreign crude oil imported
  • 850,000 fewer tons of carbon dioxide emitted

Not to mention the shot in the arm it’s given the economy. This kind of government support can’t last forever, but it’s nice to know it worked like it was supposed to. Mostly.

GreenHouse energy installed the first of its Microfueler backyard ethanol makers in Los Angeles, and a slew of green-minded stars attended the installation, including GreenHouse investor Shaquille O’Neal. (Imagine the size of his carbon footprint. Size 23, according to Wikipedia.)

The Microfueler uses spent beer yeast, algae, or cellulose (but not from corn) to produce organic ethanol, or E100, that can be pumped directly from the unit to your gas tank.The system can make up to 70 gallons of fuel a week, and you can hook four of these babies together, if you’re so inclined, to make 280 gallons a week and service a fleet.

The Microfueler is available nationwide for $9,995 — less a federal tax incentive, which brings it to under $5,000. Some states have rebates on top of that, and carbon credit coupons can be used, too. If you live in SoCal or Arizona, GreenHouse will deliver the raw materials to your house (an Internet connection tells them when you’re low) for $2 a gallon of end-product ethanol. Why yes, that is cheaper than gasoline! And greener, too.

Researchers are Oregon State University (go Beavers!) have found that microcrystalline cellulose, which is made from plant fibers, could be used to reinforce rubber tires instead of silica or carbon black, which just sounds nasty.

Cellulose fiber has been used in other rubbery bits, like belts and hoses, before. Using it in tires reduced the cost of production and the rolling resistance. Lower rolling resistance makes for better fuel economy. The cellulose also upped the tires’ grippiness on wet roads, which is great for safety, especially here in Oregon. Silica, for its part, is a high-energy product to process, and carbon black is made from oil.

The only issue now is the durability of the cellulose-reinforced tires. No company has jumped on the cellulose bandwagon yet, but Yokohama’s dB Super E-spec high-performance passenger tires use orange oil, and Michelin’s Energy Saver tires promise increased fuel efficiency and reduced emissions.

The latest challenger in the electric vehicle ring made its debut on Sunday: the Nissan Leaf. At first glance, it’s got several things going for it:

  • It’s cute but not weird
  • It’s 100% gasoline- and emissions-free
  • It’s got a 100-mile range on lithium-ion batteries
  • It’s supposed to carry a price tag that competes with gasoline cars (Popular Science is guessing around $30,000)

Nissan’s goal is to make the Leaf an affordable, mass-market, all-electric vehicle. They plan on having these things hit the market — the real market, not the small-batch, lease-only test market — by 2012.

The past few days have been hectic for the Cash for Clunkers program. The U.S. government had allocated $1 billion for the CARS program as of July 24, when “The Rule” was issued with details for how the rebates would be used. The program had been in effect, though, since July 1, without the official word being finalized.

In the weeks between the start date and the appearance of the final rules (which have already been amended), the program started to run out of funds and the EPA changed some fuel economy numbers. The program, which was supposed to run through November 1 or until the government had used all its cash, was almost killed early by its own popularity. And the EPA tried, at the eleventh hour, to update old mpg ratings to reflect the new mpg measuring system, which knocked some previously eligible cars off the list of clunkers and added others.

Where do we stand now? Cash for Clunkers, or CARS, as it’s officially called, is still on (fingers crossed). Here are the major changes as it stands after a very busy weekend:

  • The U.S. House of Representatives has passed a $2 billion extension; the Senate will vote on it soon
  • Since New Hampshire and Wisconsin don’t require insurance, buyers in these states don’t have to have one year’s worth of insurance, as they do in the other 48 states
  • Cars that met the fuel economy requirement before the changes the EPA made on July 24 and that were traded in as clunkers after July 1 are still eligible for the CARS rebate

Good luck, car shoppers! If you have questions or opinions about the CARS program, leave them in the comments. I’ll research anything that needs answering.